Today in History

THursday, October 30, 2025

521

Birth of St. Columba

Columba would become a defining missionary figure, spreading Christianity across Scotland and northern Britain.

1941

Attack on Pearl Harbor

Japan’s assault drew the United States into World War II and transformed global history.

1787

Delaware Becomes First State to Ratify the U.S. Constitution

Delaware’s early ratification launched the formation of the new constitutional republic.

343

Council of Serdica Addresses Arian Controversy

Bishops gathered to defend orthodox Christology and uphold Nicene faith.

1865

Thirteenth Amendment Ratified

This landmark amendment abolished slavery and reoriented American constitutional order.

1768

First Edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica Published

The reference work transformed modern learning and public access to knowledge.

1492

Columbus Becomes First European to Land on Hispaniola

His arrival accelerated European expansion into the Americas with lasting global consequences.

1933

Prohibition Repealed with the 21st Amendment

The repeal ended a turbulent experiment in federal moral regulation.

1766

Christ Church in Boston Reopens After Stamp Act Turmoil

The reopening signaled easing tensions and affirmed the congregation’s place in colonial New England.

1674

Father Jacques Marquette Founds Illinois Mission

Marquette’s work advanced Christian outreach among Native American communities.

771

Charlemagne Becomes Sole Ruler of the Frankish Kingdom

This transition allowed him to unify his realm and strengthen Christian governance in Europe.

1110

Crusaders Capture Sidon

The victory expanded the Kingdom of Jerusalem’s coastal holdings during the Crusader era.

1818

Illinois Admitted as the 21st U.S. State

Statehood advanced American settlement and political growth in the Midwest.

311

Edict of Serdica Ends the Persecution of Christians in the East

Emperor Galerius granted legal toleration to Christians, signaling a major shift in imperial policy.

1984

Bhopal Disaster Occurs in India

A toxic gas leak caused mass casualties and became one of the worst industrial accidents in history.

1804

Napoleon Crowns Himself Emperor of the French

Napoleon’s coronation reinforced his authority over a post-revolutionary France and reshaped European geopolitics.

1942

First Controlled Nuclear Chain Reaction Achieved

The Chicago Pile-1 test opened the atomic age and accelerated the Allied scientific efforts in WWII.

1409

Council of Pisa Ends Without Resolving the Papal Schism

Attempts to heal the Western Schism fell short, prolonging one of the Church’s greatest internal crises.

800

Charlemagne Crowned King of the Lombards

Charlemagne strengthened Christian rule in Italy and advanced the unity of Western Europe under a Christian vision of kingship.

1170

Thomas Becket Returns to England After Exile

Becket’s return set the stage for the famous conflict with King Henry II that affirmed the Church’s independence in medieval England.

1640

Portugal Restores Independence from Spain

The Portuguese Restoration War began as the nation reclaimed its sovereignty after decades of Spanish dominance.

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