The Lateran Treaty between Italy and the Holy See established Vatican City as an independent sovereign state, resolving the “Roman Question” and securing the Church’s territorial independence in the modern era.

Allied leaders Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin finalized agreements that would shape postwar Europe, setting the stage for both reconstruction and the emerging Cold War divide.

According to Japanese tradition, Emperor Jimmu ascended the throne, marking the legendary founding of Japan and the beginning of the imperial line that would shape the nation’s cultural and political identity for millennia.